Tomáš Pohl
Zástavní právo a rozhodovací činnost soudu – I. část (s. 2)
SUMMARY:
POHL, T.: LIEN AND JUDICIAL DECISION – PART ONE
Lien is part of the substantive law. It is the Institute provided for in § 152–174 of the Civil Code and certain other provisions of other laws. This article analyzes some aspects of the implementation of the lien in court. In the first part of the article deals with the sale of collateral and judicial sale of the collateral, then the lien and anforcement (execution) and effects of the lien in the management of the execution.
Helena Prášková
Vznik oprávnění uplynutím lhůty podle zákona o volném pohybu služeb (s. 14)
SUMMARY:
PRÁŠKOVÁ, H.: AUTHORISATION TO PROVIDE SERVICES FUTILE EXPIRY
The article deals with implementation of Directive 2006/123/EC of the European Parliament nad of the Council of 12 December 2006 on services in the internal market into the Czech legal order. The article attend furthermore to content of Directive, range of the legal regulation, any problems of legal form of authorisation procedures.
Z ROZHODOVACÍ PRAXE
Smlouva o postoupení pohledávky – neplatnost, poměr výše pohledávky a úplaty (s. 26)
Z JUDIKATURY EU
Volný pohyb služeb – pravidla hospodářské soutěže v odvětví dopravy (článek 49 SFEU) (s. 29)
ANOTACE
Polišenská, P.: Přehled judikatury ve věcech dokazování (s. 39)
PRÁVNÍK ROKU 2010
AUTOŘI
JUDr. Tomáš Pohl
PF UK, Praha
JUDr. Helena Prášková, CSc.
PF UK, Praha
JUDr. Ing. Jan Hušek
Nejvyšší soud, Brno
Doc. JUDr. PhDr. Ilona Bažantová, CSc.
PF UK, Praha
Mgr. Pavel Andrle
doktorand PF MU, Brno
Miloš Tomsa
K počátku běhu promlčecí doby práva na zaplacení ceny předmětu plnění v obchodních závazcích (s. 2)
SUMMARY:
TOMSA, M.: THE BEGINNING OF THE LIMITATION OF TEH RIGHT TO PAY THE PRICE IN THE SUBJECT OF THE TRADE COMMITMENTS
Limitation of the institute is providing security in private relationships. Prescription is governed by the Commercial Code § 387 – 408, as the deadline for claiming the court in § 391 of the Commercial Code and the case began to run when the right to fulfill the obligation in § 392nd.
The author discusses the decision of the Supreme Court, which shows quite a significant extension of the limitation period to pay the right price performance in transactions compared to the beginning of the course, seen objectively, this time under the arrangements in the Civil Code.
This can bring significant practical problems, because this decision will mean the limitation period from the due date for the price of the underlying contractual obligations and is thus left to the lender. This may unduly prolong the period of limitation. The debtor will therefore need to monitor whether the time do not drag, and possibly raise the objection of limitation.
Tomáš Pohl
Zástavní právo a rozhodovací činnost soudu – II. část (s. 9)
SUMMARY:
POHL, T.: LIEN AND JUDICIAL DECISION – PART TWO
Lien is part of the substantive law. It is the Institute provided for in § 152–174 of the Civil Code and certain other provisions of other laws. This article analyzes some aspects of the implementation of the lien in court.
In the second part, the author focuses on the position of mortgage lenders in the execution of cash transactions by selling of movable and immovable property for the sale of the debtor.
Aleš Borkovec
Zákonné změny v americkém řízení a správě společností (s. 18)
SUMMARY:
BORKOVEC, A.: THE LEGAL CHANGES IN THE AMERICAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The article describes Dodd-Frank Act generally. In more detail, the article describes the reform in corporate govenrance including executive compensation (sections 951–957, 971 and 972 Dodd-Frank Act).
Z ROZHODOVACÍ PRAXE
I. Neoprávněné použití názvu právnické osoby (s. 24)
II. Povaha závazku veřejné služby, nadřízený správní orgán u sporů u sporů ze smluv o závazku veřejné služby (s. 28)
Z JUDIKATURY EU
Směrnice 80/987/EHS – Článek 10 písm. c – Záruka za úhradu nesplacených pohledávek zaměstnanců – vyoučení osob (s. 35)
AUTOŘI
JUDr. Miloš Tomsa
Vrchní soud, Praha
JUDr. Tomáš Pohl
PF UK, Praha
Mgr. Ing. Aleš Borkovec
PF UK, Praha
Mgr. Jiří Čurda
Vrchní soud, Praha
JUDr. Ing. Jan Hušek
Nejvyšší soud, Brno
Doc. JUDr. PhDr. Ilona Bažantová, CSc.
PF UK, Praha
Tomáš Pohl
Zástavní právo a rozhodovací činnost soudu – dokončení (s. 2)
SUMMARY:
POHL, T.: LIEN AND JUDICIAL DECISION – COMPLETION
Lien is part of the substantive law. It is the Institute provided for in § 152–174 of the Civil Code and certain other provisions of other laws. This article analyzes some aspects of the implementation of the lien in court. In the third part of the article, the author focuses on the Court to sell the company and the position of a lien creditor in the insolvency proceedings.
Jan Skuhravý
Institut svěřeneckého fondu v návrhu občanského zákoníku (s. 10)
SUMMARY:
SKUHRAVÝ, J.: INSTITUTE TRUST FUND IN THE DRAFT CICIL CODE
The first part of the article, after a brief introduction into the proposed Czech legislative implementation of the concept of trust, analyses the key features of the proposal. First, the core provisions of the proposal are discussed and subjected to a more detailed comparative analysis, including the questions of ownership of the res of the trust and its purpose. Then the legal position of the key actors of the arrangement are discussed – the settlor and the trustee.
Z ROZHODOVACÍ PRAXE
I. Podrubopis směnky (s. 30)
II. Náhrada škody z titulu chybného vedení účetnictví (s. 32)
Z JUDIKATURY EU
Šestá směrnice Rady 77/388/EHS o DPH – Článek 13, část B písm. d) bod 5 šesté směrnice – Osvobození od daně – Záruka za upsání emise (“underwriting guarantee”) poskytovaná za provizi úvěrovou institucí emitujícím společnostem v rámci vydávání akcií na kapitálovém trhu (s. 35)
AUTOŘI
JUDr. Tomáš Pohl
PF UK, Praha
Mgr. Ing. Jan Skuhravý
advokát, Praha, interní doktorand VŠE Praha
Mgr. Jiří Čurda
Vrchní soud, Praha
Doc. JUDr. PhDr. Ilona Bažantová, CSc.
PF UK Praha
Karel Marek
K obchodním podmínkám a obchodním zvyklostem a k vykládacím pravidlům INCOTERMS 2010 (s. 2)
SUMMARY:
MAREK, K.: THE BUSINESS CONDITIONS AND BUSINESS PRACTICES AND UNLOADING INCOTERMS RULES
Concerning concluding and execution of commercial contracts, it is considered to be accurate to apply business conditions, business practices and interpretation rules at the expense of former, detailed regulations. Business conditions, business practices as well as interpretation rules can be changed without claim on amendment of legal regulations. It is necessary to calculate on dilative enumeration of international agreements together with blooming international adjustment. Simultaneously it is essential to calculate on some business conditions and practices which are used identically in international as well as in national relations (e. g. for credit letters or cash-ins, bank guarantees etc.). Standing legal regulations which allow referring to business conditions, business practices and interpretation rules in commercial contractual relationships is positive valued.
Jan Skuhravý
Institut svěřeneckéhp fondu v návrhu občanského zákoníku – dokončení (s. 12)
SUMMARY: Z ROZHODOVACÍ PRAXE Z JUDIKATURY EU
SKUHRAVÝ, J.: INSTITUTE TRUST FUND IN THE DRAFT CIVIL CODE
The second part of the article on the proposed Czech implementation of the trust finalises the discussion of the principal actors by analysing the position of the beneficiary, including the nature of its right under the trust. Then follows a discusssion of the external legal relationships the trust may enter into – from the perspective of the settlor, the trustee and the beneficiary. A specific comment is made in relation to the creditors of the trust. Before conclusion, the article briefly analyses the current legal regime of the “escrow accounts” customarily held and administered in the Czech Republic by advocates and notaries.
I. Neplatnost části dohody o vyplnění blankosměnky (ujednání o platebním místě a o měně) (s. 23)
II. Neplatnost právního úkonu – náhrada škody (s. 29)
Směrnice 2006/123/ES – zákaz aktivního získávání zákazníků u regulovaných povolání (s. 33)
AUTOŘI
Doc. JUDr. Karel Marek, CSc.
PF MU, Brno
Mgr. Ing. Jan Skuhravý
advokát, interní doktorand VŠE, Praha
JUDr. Ladislav Derka
Vrchní soud, Praha
JUDr. Ing. Jan Hušek
Nejvyšší soud, Brno
Doc. JUDr. PhDr. Ilona Bažantová, CSc.
PF UK, Praha
Luděk Lisse
Ústní jednání v rozhodčím řízení (s. 2)
SUMMARY:
LISSE, L: ORAL PROCEEDINGS DURING THE ARBITRATION
The article discusses the topic concerning the laws provides oral proceedings during the arbitration as a primary requirement and the parties to the arbitration agreement are offered alternative consists in the fact that the parties may exclude the legal request of oral proceedings by the manifestation of their intention.
If the rules of the Permanent Court of Arbi-tration exclude hearing oral proceedings to certain disputes or all disputes, exclusion of such oral proceedings will be binding for the parties also to the arbitration agreement, who established the power of the Permanent Court by conclusion an arbitration agreement. In such case arbitration will take place without the oral hearing even in cases where the parties to the contract negotiations not exclude of oral proceedings in the arbitration clause.
Solving question, whether the parties to the arbitration agreement are entitled to modify in any extent the procedural rules of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, whose jurisdiction was founded by them, depends on whether a particular decision-making authority will advocate legal or jurisdictional theory of an arbitration.
In an arbitration ad hoc hearing is not held, only when parties to the arbitral agreement excluded specifally the hearing. The exclusion of hearing may occur by agreement of parties containde in (i) the arbitration agreement (ii) arbitration rules within the meaning of § 19 paragraph 1, Law of Arbitration, or in the actual agreement of the parties.
Kateřina Lízalová
K závazkům plynoucím z členství v Evropské unii ve vztahu k zadávání veřejných zakázek (s. 9)
SUMMARY:
LÍZALOVÁ, K.: LIABILITY DERIVED FROM THE EU MEMBERSHIP IN RELATION TO THE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT LAW
The article deals with state responsibility for non-compliance with EU law and the enforcement of state liability for violations of rights granted to individuals by EU law. The topic is applied to the area of public procurement law, dealing with the potential breaching of EU law by any of its subjects as well as with available remedies to economic operators.
Z ROZHODOVACÍ PRAXE
I. Kauzální námitky směnečného dlužníka proti směnce, je-li remitennt odlišnou osobou od kauzálního věřitele (s. 15)
II. Rozhodčí řízení – platnost rozhodčí doložky – rozhodčí řády vydávané právnickými osobami (s. 20)
Z JUDIKATURY EU
Článek 102 SFEU – zneužití dominantního postavení – ceny používané telekomunikačními operátory – stlačování marží (s. 25)
AUTOŘI
JUDr. Luděk Lisse, Ph.D. LL.M. MPA
advokát a rozhodce, Praha
Mgr. Kateřina Lízalová
advokátní koncipient, Brno
JUDr. Ladislav Derka
Vrchní soud, Praha
JUDr. Ing. Jan Hušek
Nejvyšší soud, Brno
Doc. JUDr. PhDr. Ilona Bažantová, CSc.
PF UK, Praha
Miloš Tomsa
Nepřiměřenost rozhodčí doložky ve spotřebitelských smlouvách (s. 2)
SUMMARY:
TOMSA, M.: INADEQUACY OF ARBITRATION CLAUSES IN CONSUMER CONTRACTS
The issue of arbitration agreements has become a very current and recently she’s given, especially with regard to disputes arising from consumer contracts, considerable attention.
The author in this article discusses the differences in decisions before the courts and in arbitration proceedings, the issue of so-called “arbitration centers,” especially with regard to current practice and judicial decisions of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court of 11/05/2011.
In conclusion, discusses the draft amendment of the Arbitration Act, which had some controversial moments from past practice to remove. Notes the difficult moments while the proposal.
Ivana Mlejnková
Insolvenční řízení v soudní judikatuře I. – úpadek a insolvenční návrh (s. 9)
SUMMARY:
MLEJNKOVÁ, I.: INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS IN A COURT CASE I. – BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY PROPOSAL
The author describes the provisions of Act No. 182/2006 Coll. On Bankruptcy and Settlement (Insolvency Act). This law had several amendments and its implementation was also influenced by the findings of the Constitutional Court. Therefore, the interpretation of individual provisions of the Act is important to extensive case law courts.
The author in the article focuses on the individual choice of court cases in Insolvency Act. The first part deals with the concept of decline and insolvency proposal.
Z ROZHODOVACÍ PRAXE
I. Rozhodčí smlouva a nároky ze směnky (s. 21)
II. Rubopisování směnky na jiného bez postoupení pohledávky, jejíž splnění je směnkou zajištěno; převod práva vyplnit blankosměnku (s. 24)
III. Odpovědnost poskytovatele služby informační společnosti (s. 26)
Z JUDIKATURY EU
Nařízení Rady (ES) č. 44/2001 – příslušnost soudu – zásilkový prodej – místo doručení – Incoterms (s. 35)
AUTOŘI
JUDr. Miloš Tomsa, CSc.
Vrchní soud, Praha
Mgr. Ivana Mlejnková
Vrchní soud, Praha
JUDr. Ladislav Derka
Vrchní soud, Praha
Mgr. Jiří Čurda
Vrchní soud, Praha
Doc. JUDr. PhDr. Ilona Bažantová, CSc.
PF UK, Praha
Radek Jurčík
Změny smluv uzavřených na základě postupu podle zákona o veřejných zakázkách (s. 2)
SUMMARY:
JURČÍK, R.: THE CHANGES OF CONTRACTS AWARDING ACCORDING TO PUBLIC PROCUREMENT PROCEDURE
The overall question of when amendments to an existing agreement are to be regarded as constituting a new award of a public contract has not come before the ECJ. The Pressetext case and decision´s practice in the Czech Republic has solved this question: ”In order to ensure transparency of procedures and equal treatment of tenderers, amendments to provisions of a public contract during the currency of the contract constitute a new award of a contract ... when they are materially different in character from the original contract and, therefore, are such as to demonstrate the intention of the parties to renegotiate the essential terms of that contract.” We can say that for this purpose an amendment to a public contract may be regarded as ‘material’ when: it introduces conditions which, had they been part of the initial award procedure, would have allowed for the admission of tenderers other than those initially admitted, or would have allowed for the acceptance of a tender other than the one initially accepted, it extends the scope of the contract considerably to encompass services not initially covered and it changes the economic balance of the contract in favour of the contractor in a manner which was not provided for in the terms of the initial contract.
Ivana Mlejnková
Insolvenční řízení v soudní judikatuře II. – změny v okruhu účastníků řízení (s. 14)
SUMMARY: Karel Svoboda
MLEJNKOVÁ, I.: INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS IN A COURT CASE-II. – CHANGES IN THE RANGE OF PARTICIPANTS IN INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS
The author describes the provisions of Act No. 182/2006 Coll. On Bankruptcy and Settlement (Insolvency Act). This law had several amendments and its implementation was also influenced by the findings of the Constitutional Court. Therefore, the interpretation of individual provisions of the Act is important to extensive case law courts.
The author in the article focuses on the individual choice of court cases in Insolvency Act. The second part deals with the changes in the range of participants in insolvency proceedings.
K vykonatelnosti rozhodčích nálezů doručených opatrovníku (s. 23)
SUMMARY:
SVOBODA, K.: ON EXECUTION OF ARNITRAL FINDINGS DELIVERED TO THE CARETAKER
The individual institutes of procedural law are mutually penetrated and compete to each other. Also the executive court has to take that fact into account while considering if it is possible to execute the arbitral finding which actually wasn´t delivered to the defendant but to the caretaker that had been appointed to the defendant (incorretly though) by the arbitrator as to the person with unknown residence. For now the Supreme Court comes to the conclusion that the executive court can not examine the arbitrator´s procedure of appointment of the caretaker. Actually the Article 29 par. 3 of the Civil Procedure Code is not the provision which regulates the delivery. Author of the article polemizes such opinion. – If the arbitrator appoints the caretaker only to avoid the difficulties while delivering the arbitral finding, at the same time he breaches the provisons on delivery as well.
Z ROZHODOVACÍ PRAXE
I. Úplata za vedení účtu zaknihovaných cenných papírů (s. 28)
II. Placení nejdříve splatného dluhu a započtení (s. 34)
III. Neplatnost konkurenční doložky (s. 38)
Z JUDIKATURY EU
I. Směrnice 1999/44/ES – ochrana spotřebitele – vadné zboží již nainstalované spotřebitelem – povinnost prodejce odstranit vadu zboží a nainstalovat náhradní zboží (s. 42)
II. Směrnice 89/552/EHS – televizní vysílání – pojem „klamavá reklama“ (s. 57)
AUTOŘI
Doc. JUDr. Ing. Radek Jurčík, Ph.D.
Mendelova univerzita, Brno
Mgr. Ivana Mlejnková
Vrchní soud, Praha
JUDr. Karel Svoboda, Ph.D.
Okresní soud Plzeň-město, PF ZČU, Plzeň
Mgr. Jiří Čurda
Vrchní soud, Praha
Doc. JUDr. PhDr. Ilona Bažantová, CSc.
PF UK, Praha
Karel Marek
Zadávání veřejných zakázek (s. 2)
SUMMARY:
MAREK, K.: PROCUREMENT
Much of the orders in the Czech Republic is subject to public procurement regime. The author in his article focuses on an explanation of who is a contracting authority, various types of contract, the terms vendor, candidates and tenderers and the tender rules and procedures. The study examines existing law de lege lata in comparison with European treatment and case law.
Ivana Mlejnková
Insolvenční řízení v soudní judikatuře III. – záloha na náklady insolvenčního řízení (s. 19)
SUMMARY:
MLEJNKOVÁ, I.: INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS IN A COURT CASE III. – ADVANCE ON THE COSTS OF INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS
The author describes the provisions of Act No. 182/2006 Coll. On Bankruptcy and Settlement (Insolvency Act). This law had several amendments and its implementation was also influenced by the findings of the Constitutional Court. Therefore, the interpretation of individual provisions of the Act is important to extensive case law courts.
The author in the article focuses on the individual choice of court cases in Insolvency Act. The third part deals with the advance on the costs of insolvency proceedings.
Z ROZHODOVACÍ PRAXE
Smlouva o dílo, splatnost ceny, počátek běhu promlčecí doby (s. 36)
Z JUDIKATURY EU
Článek 234 ES – hospodářská soutěž – správní řízení – přístup k dokumentům týkajícím se řízení (s. 40)
ANOTACE
Škrinár, A., Nevolná, Z., Kvokačka, L., Maxina, Ľ.: Prípadové štúdie z obchodného práva (s. 46)
AUTOŘI
prof. JUDr. Karel Marek, CSc.
PF MU, Brno
Mgr. Ivana Mlejnková
Vrchní soud, Praha
JUDr. Ing. Jan Hušek
Nejvyšší soud, Brno
Doc. JUDr. PhDr. Ilona Bažantová, CSc.
PF UK, Praha
Doc. JUDr. Alena Pauličková, Ph.D.
PF VŠ Janka Jesenského, Sládkovičovo, SR
Michal Pospíšil
Generální klauzule nekalé soutěže (s. 2)
SUMMARY:
POSPÍŠIL, M.: GENERAL CLAUSE OF UNFAIR COMPETITION
Legislation against unfair competition is mainly determined by the provision of § 44 of the Commercial Code, which is defined by its general clause, i.e. a kind of list of conditions which, if they are cumulatively met, negotiations can be considered unfair. Thus under unfair competition is possible to consider such action at a competitive or economic relations, which is contrary to fair competition and is capable to cause harm to other competitors, consumers or customers. And such behavior is prohibited.
General clause contains only the most general conditions of negotiation that must be satisfied so that such conduct could be regarded as unfair and possibly could be (additionally) classified under some of the specific facts of unfair competition. If a general clause precise definition of harmful conduct, it would soon be exhausted, because entrepreneurs would find ways how it may be easily circumvented. Comparable foreign legislations have similar legislation in unfair competition.
Ivo Telec
Znaky obchodního tajemství (s. 12)
SUMMARY: Z ROZHODOVACÍ PRAXE Z JUDIKATUY EU
TELEC, I.: THE SIGNS OF TRADE SECRETS
The article discusses in detail the legal characteristics of the trade secrets in terms of the Czech national law and international law. Trade secrets are perceived structured. The aim of the contribution is to determine whether some object meets the legal conceptual features of the trade secret under the law.
I. Smlouva o dílo – cena a rozšíření předmětu díla – bezdůvodné obohacení (s. 21)
II. Pojistná smlouva – zrušení registrace vozidla, pojistné plnění (s. 27)
I. Směrnice 87/344/EHS – pojištění právní ochrany – článek 4 odst. 1 – svobodný výběr advokáta – omezení úhrady přiznané v souvislosti s výlohami spojenámi se zastupováním pojištěného u soudu (s. 30)
II. Směrnice 2001/29/ES – autorské právo a s ním související omezení – výjimka pro rozmnožování k soukromým účelům (s. 36)
AUTOŘI
JUDr. Mgr. Michal Pospíšil
VŠ aplikovaného práva, Praha, Metropolitní univerzita, Praha
prof. JUDr. Ivo Telec, CSc.
PF UPol Olomouc, PF MU, Brno, advokát, Brno
JUDr. Ing. Jan Hušek
Nejvyšší soud, Brno
Doc. JUDr. PhDr. Ilona Bažantová, CSc.
PF UK, Praha
Ivana Mlejnková
Insolvenční řízení v soudní judikatuře IV. – předběžná opatření (s. 2)
SUMMARY:
MLEJNKOVÁ, I.: INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS IN A COURT-IV. – PRELIMINARY MEASURES
The author describes the provisions of Act No. 182/2006 Coll. On Bankruptcy and Settlement (Insolvency Act). This law had several amendments and its implementation was also influenced by the findings of the Constitutional Court. Therefore, the interpretation of individual provisions of the Act is important to extensive case law courts.
The author in the article focuses on the individual choice of court cases in Insolvency Act. The fourth part deals with preliminary measures.
Zdeněk Hraba
O tzv. restituční rezervě v transformaci zemědělských družstev (s. 17)
SUMMARY:
HRABA, Z.: THE SO-CALLED RESTITUTION PROVISION IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES
The article critically describes the finding of the Constitutional Court File No. IV.ÚS 3010/08 of 28.07.2009 where was judicated, that If agrico-operatives were at the end of the restitution process satisfied all claims of entitled persons, and if there remained unused portion (so-called restitution provision), should it also be divided among the beneficiaries. The problem is: when and by whom restitution provision is to be divided and also problem of unsettled transfor-mation claims statute-barred in this context.
Z ROZHODOVACÍ PRAXE
Pravomoc českých soudů – rozhodčí řízení – Nařízení Rady (ES) č. 44/2001 (s. 28)
Z JUDIKATURY EU
Nařízení Rady (ES) č. 44/2001 – příslušnost a výkon soudních rozhodnutí v ončanských a obchodních věcech (s. 30)
AUTOŘI
Mgr. Ivana Mlejnková
Vrchní soud, Praha
JUDr. Ing. Zdeněk Hraba, Ph.D.
PF UK, Praha
JUDr. Ing. Jan Hušek
Nejvyšší soud, Brno
Doc. JUDr. PhDr. Ilona Bažantová, CSc.
PF UK, Praha
NAD NOVÝM KODEXEM SOUKROMÉHO PRÁVA
Miloš Tomsa
Nový občanský zákoník – základní pohled a obecná část z hlediska podnikatele (s. 2)
SUMMARY:
ABOVE THE NEW CODE OF PRIVATE LAW
TOMSA, M.: THE NEW CIVIL CODE – THE BASIC LOOK AND GENERAL TERMS FOR ENTREPRENEURS
Adoption of the new Civil Code as a basic code of private law will mean substantial changes in the legislation in this area. Editorial staff of the Jurnal ”Commercial Law”, an effort to inform the widest possible legal community, decided to dedicate the new Civil Code, a series of articles. In the first of them the author, a member of the Recodification Commission of the Ministry of Justice, deals with the basic view of the new Civil Code and its general terms for entrepreneurs.
In general, emphasizes the principle of free will and the consequent different concept of freedom of contract in the new Code.
After a general analysis the author highlights the changes that this principle will bring to businesses. Entrepreneurs will now be subject to the general treatment of the Civil Code, together with a new special Law on commercial companies and cooperatives.
A fundamental change occurs in the area of commitments, which still has the dualism of Commercial Code regulation, and Civil Code. While today is the basic source for business arrangements contained in the Commercial Code and Civil Code applies as a subsidiary, will continue to apply to business regulation in the Civil Code. Entrepreneurs will also continue to apply rules that were not included in the draft Civil Code, especially on Bills of Exchange and Cheques, the Copyright Act, laws relating to intellectual property, insolvency law, law on business in the capital markets, Insolvency Law, Law on Public Procurement and Payment System Act.
In further part of the article the author discusses in detail the change in terminology, especially the notion of ”legal proceedings” (právní jednání), which replaced the previously used ”legal action” (právní úkon) and its consequences, invalidity of legal proceedings, also mentions the principle of ”superficies solo cedit.” Author discusses the changes that occur due to business conditions, changes in contractual arrangements. In a large freedom of contract will be relevant principle of sufficient predictability of court decisions and other public authorities.
Ivana Mlejnková
Insolvenční řízení v soudní judikatuře V. – věcné rozhodnutí o insolvenčním návrhu (s. 10)
SUMMARY: Tomáš Dvořák
MLEJNKOVÁ, I.: INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS IN A COURT CASE-V. – SUBSTANTIVE DECISION ON INSOLVENCY PETITION
The author describes the provisions of Act No. 182/2006 Coll. On Bankruptcy and Settlement (Insolvency Act). This law had several amendments and its implementation was also influenced by the findings of the Constitutional Court. Therefore, the interpretation of individual provisions of the Act is important to extensive case law courts.
The author in the article focuses on the individual choice of court cases in Insolvency Act. The fifth part deals with substantive decision on insolvency petition.
O finanční asistenci u společnosti s ručením omezeným (s. 26)
SUMMARY: Z ROZHODOVACÍ PRAXE OBSAH 20. ROČNÍKU AUTOŘI
DVOŘÁK, T.: THE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR COMPANIES WITH LIMITED LIABILITY
This article discusses about in practice very difficult legal and inconsistently interpreted the issue of financial assistance for a limited liability company. The statutory regulation of this issue of trying to limit the status of the company to provide its shareholders any direct or indirect benefits or other form of participation or benefits for the acquisition of shares in the company itself. Given the generally poor legislation, however, this issue of interpretation extremely difficult.
Nemožnost kauzálních námitek u platební směnky, kterou je placen jiný peněžitý dluh (s. 35)
JUDr. Miloš Tomsa, CSc.
Vrchní soud, Praha
Mgr. Ivana Mlejnková
Vrchní soud, Praha
JUDr. Tomáš Dvořák, Ph.D.
PF ZČU, Plzeň
JUDr. Ladislav Derka
Vrchní soud, Praha